Stage 1 Desired Results

Unit 1: Motion, Forces, and Energy

Pacing: 10 weeks

Stage 1 Desired Results

Established Goals:

Transfer

Students will be able to independently use their learning to….

• Use real-world digital and other research tools to access, evaluate and effectively apply information appropriate for authentic tasks.

• Work independently and collaboratively to solve problems and accomplish goals.

• Communicate information clearly and effectively using a variety of tools/media in varied contexts for a variety of purposes.

• Demonstrate innovation, flexibility and adaptability in thinking patterns, work habits, and working/learning conditions.

• Effectively apply the analysis, synthesis, and evaluative processes that enable productive problem solving.

• Value and demonstrate personal responsibility, character, cultural understanding, and ethical behavior.

Meaning

Understandings

Students will understand…

• If an object is not moving, the balanced forces keep it at rest.

• If an object is moving at a constant speed, the forces acting upon it are balanced.

• The first law of motion is only applicable if the forces on an object are balanced.

• How graphs and diagrams can be used to depict speed, acceleration, and forces.

• In the absence of friction an object would continue its motion.

• A more massive object has more inertia, a greater tendency to resist changes in its motion.

• Gravity pulls an object downward.

• The normal force opposes gravity and pushes an object upward.

• Contact forces result from two objects physically contacting each other; at a distance forces occur between objects that are not touching.

• In every interaction there is a pair of forces acting on interacting objects. The forces are opposite in direction and equal in force.

• The more massive an object the more force it needs to get it moving.

• The strength of an electromagnetic increases as the number of coils increases.

• The strength of an electromagnetic is stronger when the objects are closer together.

• Gravitational forces depend on the masses of the objects; larger objects exert larger gravitational forces.

• Mass and velocity impact the kinetic energy of an object proportionally.

• The higher the object from the surface of the Earth the more gravitational potential energy it possesses.

• The distance between objects impacts the potential energy.

• There are transformations between kinetic and potential energy.

Essential Questions

Students will keep considering…

• How can forces be used to explain the motion of objects?
• How can forces help to explain why some materials attract while others repel?
• How do forces act when objects are in contact? When objects are not in contact?
• How are systems explained by energy transformations?

Acquisition

Students will know…

• A force is a push or pull on an object that causes an interaction between two objects.

• An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

• Inertia is the resistance to a change in motion.

• Speed = distance/time

• Acceleration results from a change in speed.

• Friction opposes the motion of an object.

• Unbalanced forces cause acceleration.

• An applied force is by a person to an object.

• Gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces are action at a distance forces.

• A Newton, N, is the unit of force.

• The acceleration of an object is dependent upon the net force and mass of an object.

• F = ma where mass is in kilograms and acceleration is in m/s2.

• The weight of an object is its mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity, g, 9.8 N.

• Mass is not weight.

• The net force is sum of all forces on an object; forces in opposite direction will have a negative value.

• For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

• Electricity can create a magnetic field.

• Gravitational forces are interactive.

• Kinetic energy is related to the motion of an object.

• Potential energy is related to the position of an object above the Earth’s surface.

Students will be skilled at…

• Apply Newton’s Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects.

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  Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.

   

• Ask questions about data to determine the factors that affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.

• Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.

• Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact. 

• Construct and interpret graphical displays of data to describe the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass of an object and to the speed of an object.

• Develop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system.

• Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.